# Brian2.test() reports a TypeError in test\_numpy\_functions\_logical
**URL:** https://brian.discourse.group/t/brian2-test-reports-a-typeerror-in-test-numpy-functions-logical/460
**Category:** Support
**Created:** [20 August 2021 13:47 UTC](https://brian.discourse.group/t/brian2-test-reports-a-typeerror-in-test-numpy-functions-logical/460 "2021-08-20T13:47:09Z")
**Posts on this page:** 4
**Page:** 1
### Author:  [@moritz](https://brian.discourse.group/u/moritz)
#### Post date: [20 August 2021 13:47 UTC](https://brian.discourse.group/t/brian2-test-reports-a-typeerror-in-test-numpy-functions-logical/460/1 "2021-08-20T13:47:09Z")
# Description of problem
brian2.test() reports:
TypeError: logical\_and() takes from 2 to 3 positional arguments but 1 were given
```
FAILED ../../../../../../opt/anaconda/envs/TheBrianBlank/lib/python3.9/site-packages/brian2/tests/test_units.py::test_numpy_functions_logical
```
# Minimal code to reproduce problem
import brian2
brian2.test()
# What you have aready tried
I first got the error in a pip managed environment (no anaconda).
I installed anaconda and set up a new environment. I followed the installation guide
conda config --add channels conda-forge
conda install matplotlib pytest ipython notebook brian2 sphinx doctest
But i still get the same error
# Expected output
OK
# Actual output
False
# Full traceback of error
Running tests in /opt/anaconda/envs/TheBrianBlank/lib/python3.9/site-packages/brian2 for targets numpy, cython (excluding long tests)
Running Brian version 2.4.2 from ‘/opt/anaconda/envs/TheBrianBlank/lib/python3.9/site-packages/brian2’
Testing codegen-independent code
Resetting to default preferences
Running doctests
… [100%]
=============================== warnings summary ===============================
core/operations.py::brian2.core.operations.network\_operation
/opt/anaconda/envs/TheBrianBlank/lib/python3.9/site-packages/brian2/core/clocks.py:95: DeprecationWarning: `np.float` is a deprecated alias for the builtin `float`. To silence this warning, use `float` by itself. Doing this will not modify any behavior and is safe. If you specifically wanted the numpy scalar type, use `np.float64` here.
Deprecated in NumPy 1.20; for more details and guidance: (link removed)
dtype=np.float, read\_only=True, constant=True,
monitors/spikemonitor.py::brian2.monitors.spikemonitor.EventMonitor.all\_values
monitors/spikemonitor.py::brian2.monitors.spikemonitor.EventMonitor.values
monitors/spikemonitor.py::brian2.monitors.spikemonitor.SpikeMonitor
monitors/spikemonitor.py::brian2.monitors.spikemonitor.SpikeMonitor.all\_values
monitors/spikemonitor.py::brian2.monitors.spikemonitor.SpikeMonitor.values
/opt/anaconda/envs/TheBrianBlank/lib/python3.9/site-packages/brian2/groups/neurongroup.py:313: DeprecationWarning: `np.bool` is a deprecated alias for the builtin `bool`. To silence this warning, use `bool` by itself. Doing this will not modify any behavior and is safe. If you specifically wanted the numpy scalar type, use `np.bool_` here.
Deprecated in NumPy 1.20; for more details and guidance: (link removed)
self.variables.add\_auxiliary\_variable(‘\_cond’, dtype=np.bool)
monitors/spikemonitor.py::brian2.monitors.spikemonitor.EventMonitor.all\_values
monitors/spikemonitor.py::brian2.monitors.spikemonitor.EventMonitor.all\_values
monitors/spikemonitor.py::brian2.monitors.spikemonitor.EventMonitor.values
monitors/spikemonitor.py::brian2.monitors.spikemonitor.SpikeMonitor.all\_values
monitors/spikemonitor.py::brian2.monitors.spikemonitor.SpikeMonitor.all\_values
monitors/spikemonitor.py::brian2.monitors.spikemonitor.SpikeMonitor.spike\_trains
monitors/spikemonitor.py::brian2.monitors.spikemonitor.SpikeMonitor.values
/opt/anaconda/envs/TheBrianBlank/lib/python3.9/site-packages/brian2/groups/group.py:257: DeprecationWarning: `np.bool` is a deprecated alias for the builtin `bool`. To silence this warning, use `bool` by itself. Doing this will not modify any behavior and is safe. If you specifically wanted the numpy scalar type, use `np.bool_` here.
Deprecated in NumPy 1.20; for more details and guidance: (link removed)
if index\_array.dtype == np.bool:
– Docs: (link removed)
41 passed, 13 warnings in 7.26s
Running tests that do not use code generation
…
WARNING The expression “i1 / 1” divides two integer values. In previous versions of Brian, this would have used either an integer (“flooring”) or a floating point division, depending on the Python version and the code generation target. In the current version, it always uses a floating point division. Explicitly ask for an integer division (“//”), or turn one of the operands into a floating point value (e.g. replace “1/2” by “1.0/2”) to no longer receive this warning. [brian2.parsing.bast.floating\_point\_division]
… [19%]
… [39%]
…
WARNING The expression “(i + 1) / N” divides two integer values. In previous versions of Brian, this would have used either an integer (“flooring”) or a floating point division, depending on the Python version and the code generation target. In the current version, it always uses a floating point division. Explicitly ask for an integer division (“//”), or turn one of the operands into a floating point value (e.g. replace “1/2” by “1.0/2”) to no longer receive this warning. [brian2.parsing.bast.floating\_point\_division]
…ss… [59%]
…
WARNING The ‘independent’ state updater is deprecated and might be removed in future versions of Brian. [brian2.stateupdaters.exact.deprecated\_independent]
.. [79%]
…F… [99%]
.. [100%]
=================================== FAILURES ===================================
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ test\_numpy\_functions\_logical \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
```
@pytest.mark.codegen_independent
def test_numpy_functions_logical():
'''
Assure that logical numpy functions work on all quantities and return
unitless boolean arrays.
'''
unit_values1 = [3 * mV, np.array([1, 2]) * mV, np.ones((3, 3)) * mV]
unit_values2 = [3 * second, np.array([1, 2]) * second,
np.ones((3, 3)) * second]
for ufunc in UFUNCS_LOGICAL:
for value1, value2 in zip(unit_values1, unit_values2):
try:
# one argument
```
> ```
> result_units = eval('np.%s(value1)' % ufunc)
>
> ```
/opt/anaconda/envs/TheBrianBlank/lib/python3.9/site-packages/brian2/tests/test\_units.py:976:
* * *
> ???
> E TypeError: logical\_and() takes from 2 to 3 positional arguments but 1 were given
:1: TypeError
… Output continues but the rest is Ok. (I had to remove the links in the output since i am a new user)
---
### Author:  [@moritz](https://brian.discourse.group/u/moritz)
#### Post date: [23 August 2021 10:53 UTC](https://brian.discourse.group/t/brian2-test-reports-a-typeerror-in-test-numpy-functions-logical/460/2 "2021-08-23T10:53:02Z")
Seems like the functions logical\_and, logical\_or and logical\_xor raise a TypeError in case there is a missing argument:
```auto
for ufunc in UFUNCS_LOGICAL:
for value1, value2 in zip(unit_values1, unit_values2):
try:
# one argument
result_units = eval('np.%s(value1)' % ufunc)
result_array = eval('np.%s(np.array(value1))' % ufunc)
except (ValueError, TypeError) as e:
print(ufunc, type(e))
```
OUTPUT:
logical\_and \
logical\_and \
logical\_and \
logical\_or \
logical\_or \
logical\_or \
logical\_xor \
logical\_xor \
logical\_xor \
I replaced line 978 in test\_units.py
` except ValueError:`
with:
` except TypeError:`
This fixes the bug for me. Is this a general thing ?
(My package versions are numpy 1.21.2 and brian2 2.4.2)
best,
Moritz
---
### Author:  [@denisalevi](https://brian.discourse.group/u/denisalevi)
#### Post date: [23 August 2021 14:17 UTC](https://brian.discourse.group/t/brian2-test-reports-a-typeerror-in-test-numpy-functions-logical/460/3 "2021-08-23T14:17:10Z")
Hi @moritz,
the test has already been fixed [here in brian2](https://github.com/brian-team/brian2/commit/62fa44914390f4c85d0ec2e7027aee95436fe6d3) master and should pass in the next release. It seems the latest numpy version has changed the error type raised here. I think you can safely ignore the failed test.
Best,
Denis
---
### Author:  [@moritz](https://brian.discourse.group/u/moritz)
#### Post date: [23 August 2021 14:21 UTC](https://brian.discourse.group/t/brian2-test-reports-a-typeerror-in-test-numpy-functions-logical/460/4 "2021-08-23T14:21:58Z")
Perfect, Thank you!
best,
Moritz